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Which seed should I use?

Whether you wish to create a meadow from scratch or introduce more wildflowers and grasses into your meadow or grassy area, or within your garden lawn, our species lists are here to guide you.

A wildflower meadow with yellow, white, purple flowers in among the grass. The meadow is in Ryewater, Dorset. Image is by Jo Costley.

When selecting seeds, the first things to think about are:

  • soil type
  • fertility levels
  • problem plants and how to manage them.

You can do this by understanding what the species that are already there are telling you about your soil, fertility and its existing species, and/or by carrying out a soil test. If you are wishing to introduce more species to an existing grassland, then knowing what you already have is important so that you can tailor what you introduce to be an appropriate match.

It is best to survey your grassy area over the summer and use our handy ‘plant forensics’ guide to help you understand which species are likely to do well, before purchasing any seed.

We recommend using local seed mixes which you can check against the most appropriate species list below to be sure of a good match. Alternatively, if you know a local meadow with appropriate species, and you can organise either green hay or brush-harvesting, or even hand collecting ripe seed of specific species, this would be even better.

Choosing your species

field full of variety of flowers in pink, yellow purple

To help you on your meadow-making journey, we have made these lists as a starting point for creating or restoring grassland in a typical species-poor or species-moderate grassland scenario.

Please note that these are not definitive lists, and different sites and situations may require a more bespoke approach. If your grassland is outside of the ‘norm’ such as within a national park or AONB – then contact us for a more bespoke guidance on seed-mixes which will reflect the site’s regional distinctiveness.

For example, a pH neutral hay meadow in the south west of England won’t have the same community as a neutral hay meadow in the Lake District . We have also left out species which are very geographically specific. So, if you have an unusual site with potential to support a rare habitat, then contact us for more bespoke list.

These lists divide the species into Groups 1, 2 and 3, in order of both their difficulty establishing from seed-introduction, and their tolerance to high soil-nutrient levels.

  • Group 1 – tolerant of higher nutrient levels and easy to establish from seed
  • Group 2 – tolerant of moderate nutrient levels, moderate colonisers from seed
  • Group 3 – poor colonisers, sensitive and poor soils only, may need introducing via established plugs

No quantities have been outlined in the lists below because seed providers should be able to provide this detail, or already have this outlined in their meadow-mixes. In general, however, grassland communities will be between 50-80% grass, and those with high nutrient levels will usually settle into a higher percentage content of the grass species.

Species lists for different grassland types

pH Neutral grassland 5-6.5

  • All these grasses can be introduced as seed

    Grasses to introduce (if absent):

      • Yellow Oat-grass – Trisetum flavescens
      • Smooth Meadow-grassPoa pratensis 
      • Meadow FoxtailAlopecurus pratensis 
      • Smaller Cat’s-tailPhleum bertolonii 
    Grasses (additional) if bare soil:

      • Yorkshire-fogHolcus lanatus 
      • Red FescueFestuca rubra 
      • Crested Dog’s-tailCynoscurus cristatus 
      • Common BentAgrostis capillaris 
      • Sweet Vernal-grassAnthoxanthum odoratum 
      • Meadow BarleyHordeum secalinum 
  • Group 1

    • Black/Common KnapweedCentaurea nigra 
    • Burnet SaxifragePimpinella saxifrage 
    • Common Birds-foot TrefoilLotus corniculatus 
    • Meadow Vetchling – Lathyrus pratensis 
    • Ox-eye DaisyLeucanthemum vulgare 
    • Rough HawkbitLeontodon hispidus 
    • Bulbous ButtercupRanunculus bulbosus 
    • Common Cat’s-earHypochaeris radicata 
    • Common SorrelRumex acetosa 
    • Lesser TrefoilTrifolium dubium 
    • Ribwort PlantainPlantago lanceolata 
    • Meadow ButtercupRanunculus acris 
    • Red Clover (native variety)Trifolium pratense var pratense 
    • SelfhealPrunella vulgaris
    • YarrowAchillea millifolium 
    • Wild Carrot – Daucus carota 
    • Germander SpeedwellVeronica chamaedrys 
    • Black MedickMedicago lupilina 

     

  • Group 2

    • Autumn HawkbitScorzoneroides autumnalis 
    • Goat’s-beardTragopogon pratensis 
    • Musk MallowMalva moschata 
    • AgrimonyAgrimony eupatoria 
    • CowslipPrimula veris 
    • Lady’s BedstrawGallium verum 
    • Salad BurnetPoterium sanguisorba 
    • Yellow RattleRhinanthus minor 
    • BugleAjuga reptans 
    • Tufted Vetch – Viccia cracca 
    • Eyebright sp – Euphrasia sp. 
    • Common Milkwort – Polygala vulgaris 
    • TormentilPotentilla erecta 
    • PignutConopodium majus 

     

  • Group 3

    • Betony – Stachys officinalis
    • Common Spotted-orchidDactylohiza fuchsii (If more alkaline)
    • Bee Orchid – Ophrys apifera 
    • Pyramidal OrchidAnacamptis pyramidalis (If more alkaline)
    • Dyer’s GreenweedGenista tinctoria 
    • Wood AnemoneAnemone nemorosa 
    • Field ScabiousKnautia arvensis 

     

Wetter soils/floodplain (neutral pH 5-6.5)

  • All these grasses can be introduced as seed

    Grasses to introduce (if not present):

    • Meadow FoxtailAlopecurus pratensis 
    • Sweet Vernal-grass  – Anthoxanthum odoratum 
    • Marsh FoxtailAlopecurus geniculatus 
    • Crested Dog’s-tailCynosurus cristatus 
    Grasses (additional) if bare soil:

    • Creeping BentAgrostis stolonifera 
    • Yorkshire-fogHolcus lanatus 
    • Red FescueFestuca rubra agg. 
  • Group 1

    • Ragged RobinSilene flos-cuculi 
    • CuckooflowerCardamine pratensis 
    • Great BurnetSanguisorba officinalis 
    • Greater Bird’s-foot TrefoilLotus pedunculatus 
    • Common SorrelRumex acetosa 
    • Lesser TrefoilTrifolium dubium 
    • AngelicaAngelica sylvestris 
    • Ribwort PlantainPlantago lanceolata 
    • Meadow ButtercupRanunculus acris 
    • Red Clover (native variety)Trifolium pratense var pratense 
    • Common FleabanePulicaria dysenterica 

     

  • Group 2

    • MeadowsweetFilipendula ulmaria 
    • Marsh/Fen BedstrawGallium uliginosum 
    • Water MintMentha aquatica 
    • Common BistortBistorta officinalis 
    • Common Meadow-rueThalictrum flavum 
    • Pepper SaxifrageSilaum silaus 
    • SneezewortAchillea ptarmica 
    • Creeping JennyLysimachia nummularia
    • Water AvensGeum rivale 
    • Narrow-leaved Water-dropwortOenanthe silaifolia 
    • Tufted VetchViccia cracca 
    • Marsh MarigoldCaltha palustris 

     

  • Group 3

    • Devil’s-bit ScabiousSuccisa pratensis 
    • Saw-wortSerratula tinctorium 
    • BetonyStachys officinalis 
    • Marsh SpeedwellVeronica scutellata 
    • Marsh ValerianValeriana dioica 
    • Southern Marsh OrchidDactylorhiza praetermissa (where more alkaline)

     

Lowland acidic grassland (pH < 5.5)

  • All these grasses can be introduced as seed

    Grasses to introduce (if absent):

    • Sweet Vernal-grassAnthoxanthum odoratum 
    • Common BentAgrostis capillaris 
    • Red FescueFestuca rubra 
    • Sheep’s FescueFestuca ovina 
    • Wavy Hair-grassDeschampsia flexuosa 
    • Squirrel-tail FescueVulpia bromoides 
     

    • Early Hair-grassAira praecox 
    • Silver Hair-grassAira caryophyllea 
    • Heath GrassDanthonia decumbens 
    • Fine-leaved Sheep’s fescueFestuca filiformis 
    • Velvet Bent (where damp)Agrostis canina  
    • Brown BentAgrostis vinealis 
  • Group 1

    • Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil – Lotus corniculatus 
    • Rough HawkbitLeontodon hispidus 
    • Field WoodrushLuzula campestris 
    Where mildly acidic:

    • Common Cat’s-earHypochaeris radicata 
    • Lesser TrefoilTrifolium dubium 
    • Ribwort PlantainPlantago lanceolata 
    • SelfhealPrunella vulgaris 
    • YarrowAchillea millifolium 
    • Black MedickMedicago lupilina 

     

  • Group 2

    • Sheep’s SorrelRumex acetosella 
    • Heather/Ling  – Calluna vulgaris 
    • Heath BedstrawGallium saxatile 
    • Lady’s Bedstraw (on mild acid)Gallium verum 
    • Lesser StitchwortStellaria graminea 
    • Bell HeatherErica cinerea
    • Common Bird’s-footOrnithopus perpusillus 
    • Common CentauryCentaurium erythraea 
    • Common Stork’s-billErodium cicutarium 
    • Heath MilkwortPolygala serpyllfolia 
    • Mouse-ear HawkweedPilosella officinarum 
    • TormentilPotentilla erecta 
    • Common Dog-violetViola reichenbechiana 
    • Heath VioletViola canina 
    • Autumn HawkbitScorzoneroides autumnalis (where mildly acidic)
    • PignutConopodium majus 

     

  • Group 3

    • Betony – Betonica officinalis
    • Devil’s-bit Scabious Succisa pratensis
    • Heath Spotted-orchidDactylorhiza maculata 
    • Wild ThymeThymus polytrichus 
    • Blue FleabaneErigeron acer 
    • Wood AnemoneAnemone nemorosa 
    • HarebellCampanula rotundifolia 
    • Heath Speedwell (on anthills)Veronica officinalis 
    • Field ScabiousKnautia arvensis 
    • Bitter-vetchLathyrus linifolius 
    • Lesser HawkbitLeontodon saxatilis 
    • Biting StonecropSedum acre 
    • LousewortPedicularis sylvatica 
    • Saw-wortSerratula tinctoria 
    • Wood SageTeucrium scorodonia 
    • Sheep’s-bitJasione montana 

     

Lowland Calcareous pH > 6.5

  • All these grasses can be introduced as seed

    Grasses to introduce (if absent):

    • Upright Brome – Bromopsis erecta 
    • Crested Dog’s-tailCynosurus cristatus 
    • Red FescueFestuca rubra agg. 
    • Downy Oat-grassHelictotrichon pubescens 
    • Meadow Oat-grassHelictotrichon pratense 
    • Yellow Oat-grassTrisetum flavescens
    • Narrow-leaved Meadow-grassPoa angustifolia 
    • Quaking-grassBriza media 
    • Crested Hair-grassKoeleria macrantha 
    • Yellow Oat-grassTrisetum flavescens 
    • Sheep’s FescueFestuca ovina 
  • Group 1

    • Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil – Lotus corniculatus 
    • Oxeye DaisyLeucanthemum vulgare 
    • Rough HawkbitLeontodon hispidus
    • Kidney VetchAnthyllis vulneraria 
    • Chalk KnapweedCentaurea debeauxii 

    Where mildly alkaline:

    • Bulbous ButtercupRanunculus bulbosus 
    • Common Cat’s-earHypochaeris radicata 
    • Common SorrelRumex acetosa 
    • Lesser TrefoilTrifolium dubium 
    • Ribwort PlantainPlantago lanceolata 
    • Red Clover (native variety)Trifolium pratense var pratense 
    • SelfhealPrunella vulgaris 
    • YarrowAchillea millifolium 
    • Germander SpeedwellVeronica chamaedrys
    • Black MedickMedicago lupilina 

     

  • Group 2

    • CowslipPrimula veris
    • Autumn HawkbitScorzoneroides autumnalis (where mildly alkaline)
    • Tufted VetchViccia cracca (where mildly alkaline)
    • Dwarf Thistle – Cirsium acaule 
    • Lady’s BedstrawGallium verum 
    • Sainfoin – Onobrychis viciifolia 
    • Salad BurnetPoterium sanguisorba 
    • Carline Thistle (s-facing)Carlina vulgaris  
    • Yellow RattleRhinanthus minor 
    • Common Centaury (well-drained)Centaurium erythraea 
    • Bladder Campion  – Silene vulgaris 
    • Common Stork’s-billErodium cicutarium 
    • Mouse-ear HawkweedPilosella officinarum 
    • Thyme-leaved SandwortArenaria serpyllifolia 
    • Wild Basil (southern UK)Clinopodium vulgare 
    • MarjoramOriganum vulgare 
    • Yellow-wortBlackstonia perfoliate 

     

  • Group 2 or 3

    • EyebrightsEuphrasia officinalis agg. 
    • Autumn GentianGentianella amarella 
    • English Gentian (only in south and midlands)Gentianella anglica 
    • Common MilkwortPolygala vulgaris 
    • Saw-wortSerratula tinctorium 
    • SquinancywortAsperula cynanchica 
    • Lesser HawkbitLeontodon saxatilis
    • Common Restharrow 
    • Wild Strawberry 

     

  • Group 3

    • Field ScabiousKnautia arvensis  
    • BetonyStachys officinalis
    • Clustered Bellflower 
    • Common Rock-roseHelianthemum nummularium 
    • Devil’s-bit ScabiousSuccisa pratensis 
    • Common Spotted-orchidDactylohiza fuchsii 
    • Pyramidal OrchidAnacamptis pyramidalis
    • Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera 
    • DropwortFilipendula vulgaris 
    • Fairy FlaxLinum catharticum 
    • Greater Knapweed 
    • Hairy Violet 
    • HarebellCampanula rotundifolia 
    • Hoary PlantainPlantago 
    • Horseshoe Vetch 
    • Small ScabiousScabiosa columbaria 
    • Wild ThymeThymus polytrichus 
    • Large ThymeThymus pulegioides 
    • Biting StonecropSedum acre 
    • Bloody Crane’s-bill 
    • Common MilkwortPolygala vulgaris 
    • Chalk Milkwort 

     

Upland habitats – all those grasslands which are above approximately 250m (sea level). If close to 250m and somewhat sheltered, the above lowland species may also thrive.

Upland calcareous pH > 6.5

  • All these grasses can be introduced as seed

    Grasses to introduce (if absent):

    • Upright Brome – Bromopsis erecta 
    • Crested Dog’s-tailCynosurus cristatus 
    • Red FescueFestuca rubra agg. 
    • Downy Oat-grassHelictotrichon pubescens 
    • Meadow Oat-grassHelictotrichon pratense 
    • Yellow Oat-grassTrisetum flavescens
    • Narrow-leaved Meadow-grassPoa angustifolia 
    • Quaking-grassBriza media 
    • Crested Hair-grassKoeleria macrantha 
    • Sheep’s FescueFestuca ovina 
  • Group 1

    • Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil – Lotus corniculatus 
    • Rough HawkbitLeontodon hispidus

     

  • Group 2

     

    • Salad BurnetPoterium sanguisorba 
    • Carline Thistle (s-facing)Carlina vulgaris 
    • Mouse-ear HawkweedPilosella officinarum 

     

  • Group 2 or 3

    • EyebrightsEuphrasia officinalis agg. 
    • Autumn GentianGentianella amarella 
    • SquinancywortAsperula cynanchica 

     

  • Group 3

    • Common Rock-roseHelianthemum nummularium 
    • DropwortFilipendula vulgaris 
    • Devil’s-bit ScabiousSuccisa pratensis 
    • Fairy FlaxLinum catharticum 
     

    • HarebellCampanula rotundifolia 
    • Wild ThymeThymus polytrichus 
    • Small Scabious Scabiosa columbaria 
    • Horseshoe VetchHippocrepis comosa 

     

Upland acid pH < 5.5

  • All these grasses can be introduced as seed

    Grasses to introduce (if absent):

    • Sweet Vernal-grassAnthoxanthum odoratum 
    • Common BentAgrostis capillaris 
    • Sheep’s FescueFestuca ovina 
    • Wavy Hair-grassDeschampsia flexuosa 
    • Yorkshire-fogHolcus lanatus 
    • Fine-leaved Sheep’s Fescue  – Festuca filiformis  
    • Velvet Bent (where damp)Agrostis canina 
    • Brown BentAgrostis vinealis 
    • Squirrel-tail FescueVulpia bromoides 
    • Early HairgrassAira praecox 
    • Silver Hair-grassAira caryophyllea 
    • Heath Grass Danthonia decumbens 
  • Group 1

    • Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil – Lotus corniculatus 
    • Field Woodrush – Luzula campestris 
    • Rough HawkbitLeontodon hispidus

     

  • Group 2

     

    • Sheep’s Sorrel – Rumex acetosella 
    • Heath BedstrawGallium saxatile 
    • Heather/LingCalluna vulgaris 
    • TormentilPotentilla erecta (group 2 or 3)

     

Upland hay meadows pH neutral 5 – 6.5

  • All these grasses can be introduced as seed

    Grasses to introduce (if absent):

     

    • Yellow Oat-grassTrisetum flavescens
    • Smooth Meadow-grassPoa pratensis 
    • Yorkshire-fogHolcus lanatus 
    • Crested Dog’s-tailCynosurus cristatus 
    • Red FescueFestuca rubra agg. 
     

    • Common Bent – Agrostis capillaris 
    • Sweet Vernal-grassAnthoxanthum odoratum 
    • Meadow BarleyHordeum secalinum 
  • Group 1

    • Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil – Lotus corniculatus 
    • Black/common KnapweedCentaurea nigra 
    • Burnet SaxifragePimpinella saxifrage 
    • Great Burnet Sanguisorba officinalis 
    • Rough HawkbitLeontodon hispidus
    • Ragged RobinSilene flos-cuculi 
    • Meadow VetchlingLathyrus pratensis 
    • Autumn HawkbitScorzoneroides autumnalis (group 1 or 2)

     

  • Group 2

     

    • BugleAjuga reptans 
    • MeadowsweetFilipendula ulmaria 
    • Lady’s MantlesAlchemilla sp. 
    • Marsh MarigoldCaltha palustris 
    • SneezewortAchillea ptarmica
    • Water AvensGeum rivale 
    • Common BistortBistorta officinalis 

     

     

  • Group 2 or 3

    • EyebrightsEuphrasia officinalis agg. 
    • TormentilPotentilla erecta
    • PignutConopodium majus 
    • Saw-wortSerratula tinctorium 
    • Yellow RattleRhinanthus minor 

     

  • Group 3

     

    • Devil’s-bit ScabiousSuccisa pratensis 
    • Wood Anemone Anemone nemorosa 
     

    • Wood Crane’s-bill 
    • Meloncholy ThistleCirsium heterophyllum  

     

More Meadow Guidance

Creating a meadow is a really simple way to bring the local community together. It’s a great way for people of all ages to connect with nature – whilst doing something to benefit it at the same time.

Starting a community meadow might seem daunting, but you don’t need to be an expert to begin.

We’ve created this guide to share our top tips, from what to plant, to how to manage your green space year round and how to engage the community.

What is a Community Meadow?

A community meadow is an area, predominantly of grassland, that is owned and managed by the community. It’s a place where people can come together to connect with nature and help improve the nature in their area.

Meadows often include an array of wonderful wildflowers, which can not only be of benefit to bees, butterflies and other pollinators, but a whole host of wildlife.

These areas usually include places such as parks, road verges, school grounds, village greens, church land or fields.

A meadow with Oxeye daisies, lush green grass and woodlands in the background

Why Should you Start a Community Meadow?

  • For the benefit of nature
  • To create an ecosystem where wildlife can flourish
  • Bring the community together
  • To bring nature into towns and cities
  • Help tackle biodiversity loss and store carbon

How to Start Creating a Community Meadow

Now you’ve decided to try and start a community meadow, it’s hard to know where to begin. We’ve got plenty of experience and advice to help you along the way.

Contact your local council – Whether it’s parish, town or district council, reaching out to your local decision makers to promote wildlife-friendly management can make a big difference. Local support can really help to bring about change, whether that’s through a volunteer group or social media page. Check out our Good Meadows Guide for some convincing arguments.

Positive perceptions – Some people might be concerned that not cutting a greenspace as regularly might make it look neglected and untidy. But, framing a greenspace by cutting narrow strips around the wildflower area can offset some negative perceptions. Other concerns about plant height for road safety can be tackled by growing shorter species, which can still support an array of pollinators such as clovers, trefoils, Selfheal and Yarrow.

Communicating at every step – Telling people what and why you are creating a meadow is crucial for understanding. By bringing the community with you and working together, it will be easier to explain the benefits of meadow making. You could write something in the local magazine, talk about your meadow-making journey on social media or put up a sign.

Community activities – Bringing the community together to help create a meadow can be very beneficial. You can run activities, join campaigns or hold events to gather momentum.

  • Plantlife’s No Mow May is a great starting point to encourage the community to take part in a community meadow and see the benefits. People without their own gardens can actively get involved in helping wildlife, tackling pollution and even locking carbon beneath the ground. And those with their own green spaces can take their enthusiasm home and do #NoMowMay in their own gardens. Sign up your green space or garden here.

 

How to Grow a Wildflower Meadow

Whether it’s your back garden, local park, community field or lawn, wildflower meadows are amazing spaces with so much to offer.

Made up of wildflowers and grasses that return every year, they can bring benefits to people, climate and a huge array of wildlife

Read our guide on How to Grow a Wildflower Meadow here. In the guide you will find everything you need to know, from the first steps to take, to the problem plants to look out for and even the seeds to sow.

How to Fund a Community Meadow?

If you need some help funding your community meadow, these places might be able to offer support:

  • Charity Commission – A range of charities offer funding for community meadows. You need to complete an advanced search under ‘how the charity helps’.
  • Local Supermarket Community Grants – Most supermarkets support local causes through tax on carrier bags or instore tokens such as Tesco, Asda and Co-op. 
  • Postcode Local Trust – Grants of up to £2,000 for community interest groups and voluntary organisations are up for grabs.
  • Local Community Foundations – They channel funding to local projects and will be able to advise on where to access support.
  • Local Councils – Contacting your local authority and asking them about available funding is definitely worth a shot.
  • Area’s of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs) and National Parks – If your meadow lies in either of these areas, it’s worth contacting your local organisation to see if there is any funding available.
  • Lottery – Small lottery grants, worth £300-£10,000 are available across the UK.

We hope that this helps you in creating a wonderful community meadow. Do let us know on social media when you have tried these methods and your progress in creating a meadow by tagging us.

Find a Meadow Group Near you:

Are you feeling inspired, but not sure where to start? Aside from Plantlife’s guidance, a great source of  knowledge and personal support can be from meadow groups. A huge variety of groups exist across the country, who manage meadows for hay, livestock or community benefits. These groups could also be good places to start when searching for local seeds or advice.

If you would like to add your community meadow group to our list, please get in touch here.

More ways to learn about wild plants and fungi

What does a No Mow May lawn look like?
No Mow May lawn with Bulbous Buttercup and Meadow saxifrage

What does a No Mow May lawn look like?

Thousands of people across the country have been letting it grow for #NoMowMay this year – and this is what it looks like!

How to Start a Community Meadow?

How to Start a Community Meadow?

Want to start a community meadow, but not sure where to begin? Read our guide to creating a flower-filled haven for your local community.

How to Grow a Wildflower Meadow
Wildflower meadow landscape with a variety of species near Cardiff, Wales

How to Grow a Wildflower Meadow

Whether it’s your back garden, local park, community field or lawn, wildflower meadows are amazing spaces with so much to offer.

Meadows come to life in the spring and summer, bursting with vibrant wildflowers and buzzing with insects and animals. But species-rich grassland areas, which used to occur commonly throughout Britain, are now amongst the most threatened habitats in the UK.

Approximately 97% of wildflower meadows have been lost across the UK since the 1930s. That’s why wildflowers and meadows are not only beautiful staples of the British countryside, but also crucial habitats that need restoring.

Wildflower meadow bursting with yellow dandelions and rolling hills in the background

Why are meadows so amazing?

  • They are important ecosystems
  • Species-rich grasses can significantly improve carbon storage in the soil
  • They provide a brilliant habitat for bees, butterflies, birds and small mammals
  • Old grasslands can have very diverse fungal networks
  • In fact, 140 plant species can be found in a single meadow

WATCH: Not just a pretty space, this is a living space

So, the more areas that can be turned into wildflower meadows, the better things get for nature.

No matter the size of your land, the process of making a wildflower meadow is pretty much the same. Follow these steps to start your meadow-making journey:

Cut the grass

Before sowing seed, in late summer or autumn, you must cut the grass as short as possible. The cuttings must then be removed because most meadow species thrive in nutrient-poor soil with low fertility levels. Leaving the cuttings on the grass to rot down, both stifles delicate seedlings, and adds nutrients.

This can easily be done using a strimmer or mower and the cuttings removed with a rake.

Tackle any problem plants

It is really important to control any problem plants that could prevent your meadow from thriving. For example, species such as Nettle, Creeping Thistle and Dock can rapidly spread and crowd wildflowers in poorly managed meadows.

To stop this, it is best to pull these plants out by hand, cut their heads before they set seed or spot spray them. Bramble and scrub will also need to be controlled before creating a meadow.

If you have lots of problem plants, it will be easier (if possible) to try and create a meadow on another piece of land.

Create bare ground

Bare ground is simply an area that has no plants living in it. It provides germination gaps and growing space for meadow flowers and grasses. Having about 50-70% of land as bare ground will increase your chances of creating a wildflower meadow.

This can be done by hand with vigorous raking, strimming or using a rented garden scarifier.

Sow seeds

Sprinkle and gently trample in your seeds, which can be mixed with sand for easier spreading. During drier spells, water the ground if possible, but do not wash away the seeds.

Then, over the next few months pull up any Creeping Thistle and Dock or cut the flower heads off and remove before they set seed (these can spread fast and smother wildflowers).

Knowing a bit about your soil can also really help you to choose which seeds to sow. There are many factors that can influence what will grow including the soil type, fertility, location, weather, availability of light and what’s already growing there.

Don’t worry if your meadow looks a bit plain in its first year, many perennials take at least a couple of years to establish.

We hope that these tips help you in creating a wonderful meadow. Do share your meadow-making journey with us on social media by tagging us.

More Meadow Making Tips

How to Grow a Wildflower Meadow
Wildflower meadow landscape with a variety of species near Cardiff, Wales

How to Grow a Wildflower Meadow

Whether it’s your back garden, local park, community field or lawn, wildflower meadows are amazing spaces with so much to offer.

The Wildlife in our Meadows
Duke of Burgundy butterfly on cowslip.

The Wildlife in our Meadows

From bumblebees to birds and moths to mammals – meadows are micro-cities of wildlife. Here's what to spot in your wildflower meadow.

My Meadow Story: Making a Meadow in Rural Wales 
A meadow filled with wildflowers in Carmathenshire, Wales

My Meadow Story: Making a Meadow in Rural Wales 

Ever wondered how biodiverse meadows are made? Plantlife volunteers Andrew and Helen tell us about their own meadow story in Carmarthenshire.

Wildflower meadows, a staple of the British countryside, are a buzz of activity, especially in the spring and summer. It’s not just the wildflowers and fungi that rely on their diverse vegetation, in fact, a range of wildlife can call these habitats home. By growing a meadow, you can also create a home or hunting ground for bees, butterflies, invertebrates, birds, mammals and reptiles.

Here are some of the animals you might spot in a meadow:

Invertebrates

A Flower Beetle resting on a large Oxeye Daisy, image by Pip Gray
  • Creating a meadow can really make a buzz and life in the centre can be like rush hour for insects
  • You can see everything, from ants to grasshoppers and huge armies of beetles and bugs
  • For many invertebrates, the stems, roots and leaves of meadow grasses and flowers provide food and shelter
  • The Cockchafer Beetle, commonly known as the May Bug, relies on grassy areas to lay their eggs
  • The common Bird’s-foot-Trefoil alone is a food plant for 130 different species of invertebrates

Our friends at Buglife can tell you more

Bees

Buff tailed bumblebee feeding on Knapweed
  • Pollinators, such as bees, commute to meadows every day to feast on nectar and pollen
  • Managing a meadow appropriately will increase the number of wildflowers that it supports, thus increasing the foraging habitat for bumblebees and other foragers
  • Red-tailed Bumblebees, found across the UK, rely on a plentiful supply of wild plants including dandelions and red clovers to supply them with nectar and pollen
  • If you’re in a meadow, look out for bumblebees, burrowing bees, flower bees, carder bees and honeybees
  • There are about 270 species of bee in Britain

Buzz over to the Bumblebee Trust here.

Butterflies and Moths

A butterfly on a blue Scabious Flower
  • Even in a small meadow, wildflowers can be a magnet for butterflies and moths
  • When you’re planting for butterflies it’s good to have a constant procession of flowering plants throughout the summer – something that is in flower for as long as possible – ideally from March to November
  • This means local populations of butterflies and moths will not have to travel too far to find food
  • The Meadow Brown butterfly is one of the most common species found in grasslands
  • While the brightly coloured Cinnabar Moth relies entirely on one of the sunniest wildflowers – the yellow Common Ragwort. The tiger-striped caterpillars munch on the plant before pupating underground over the winter, ready to emerge as moths the next year

Flutter over to Butterfly Conservation for a bit more

Birds

  • The many insects that call meadows home also support other wildlife like swallows, skylarks and yellow wagtails
  • Goldfinches and linnets feast on the abundant seed heads
  • While lapwings, curlew and starling search the ground for insects from early autumn to spring

Fly over to the RSPB for a bit more

 

Mammals

Brown hare
  • Meadows provide a place for wild animals to forage, breed and nest – and if the grasses are tall enough, they can provide shelter
  • A large number of small mammals can call meadows home – including mice, voles and shrews
  • They also attract birds of prey to meadows, especially owls and kestrels
  • Other mammals you might spot in a meadow include moles, rabbits, hares, badgers and grazing deer
    • And we can’t forget bats – who can be seen in the summer months flying low over grassland

Meander over to the Mammal Society to find out more

Reptiles and Amphibians

  • Allowing lawns or green spaces to develop into meadows can provide a great habitat for amphibians, reptiles and their prey – unlike closely-mown lawns
  • The tall grasses and flowers (vegetation) provide these animals with cover
  • Reptiles and amphibians also prefer native plant species and minimal use of pesticides as they mainly feed on invertebrates, other amphibians and small mammals

Slither over to Amphibian and Reptile Conservation to find out more

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  • Go to:

Significant agri-environment measures have been announced by the government, with light finally being shone on species-rich grassland.  

This is the change Plantlife has been calling for – and the choreography of the announcement could not be more symbolic.  

What was announced? 

While we were at the Oxford Real Farming Conference, DEFRA Minister Steve Barclay was at the Oxford Farming Conference where he announced significant changes to the Environmental Land Management (ELM) scheme (England’s new agri-environment scheme, paying farmers for more nature-friendly farming practices). 

One of the headline-grabbing announcements was an increase in funding for farmers managing species-rich grasslands in Countryside Stewardship (CS). Farmers who had previously been offered £182 per hectare can now expect £646/ha for the same land.  

Plantlife and its partners, alongside farmers, have been advocating for this policy change – a complete revaluing of these extraordinary multifunctional habitats.

What’s the problem?

Small square hay bailer in field

While this is an overall win for species-rich grassland, the Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI) payment rates are still too low.  

The low SFI payment rates risk more loss and destruction of irreplaceable meadows, as farmers can be rewarded more for ploughing and fertilising species-rich grassland, than maintaining them.  

Instead, farmers need to be offered better incentives to do the right thing for grasslands and wildlife.  

Crucially, alongside money, these schemes also need to provide the other thing that farmers need – accessible, high-quality and free (or affordable) advice. Whether farmers are taking the first leap, or tackling ever more ambitious restoration work, they need to know they can access the support needed.  

And there is still so much more that must be done to retore and protect grasslands across the country. That’s why we will continue, alongside our partners, to call on the government to commit to develop a Grassland Action Plan (GAP) for England.  

What should happen next?

This announcement is clearly moving in the right direction for the benefit of grasslands and farming. To build on this progress, we recommend that: 

  • The UK Government develops a Grassland Action Plan (GAP) for England, which: 
    • follows a strategic approach – prioritising all remaining high-quality grasslands; 
    • sets ambitious targets for species-rich grassland restoration and creation; 
    • steers ELM options to give more consistent signals to farmers on the value of their species-rich grassland, 
  • Managing species-rich grassland must also be available in Mid-Tier Countryside Stewardship, not just Higher-Tier; 
  • Additional advisory resources must be provided freely, or at low cost, to help farmers achieve good environmental outcomes from their land, and to expedite the assessment and listing of high-quality grasslands on the Priority Habitat Inventory so they are eligible for payment; 
  • Payments for low/no input grasslands in the Sustainable Farming Incentive must be increased to properly incentivise farmers and prevent more losses of species-rich grassland; 
  • Safeguards must be put in place to prevent semi-improved grasslands, with restoration potential, from being entered inappropriately into herbal ley ELM options. 
Cows in a field of grass by a gate in Greena Moor

What’s everyone else saying? 

It’s important to note that farming is not two separate camps – it is a continuum. Farmers plough their own furrows and few fit neatly into pigeonholes when it comes to method.  It is striking, then, that the announcement on species-rich grasslands is drawing similar responses from voices across conservation and farming.  

For example, the National Farming Union’s (NFU) president Minette Batters tweeted: “Credit where it’s due to @DefraGovUK. I’ve been critical of the lack of value in species rich grassland; delighted that the payment rate now reflects the incredible biodiversity & sequestered carbon benefits of grass.” 

Many of our GAP partners have echoed sentiments of support, such as Butterfly Conservation. 

The details and our thoughts

Managing species-rich grassland in Countryside Stewardship:  

  • We welcome the increase in rates per hectare from £182 to £646 
  • It rewards farmers who have taken the plunge and committed land to the higher-level agri-environment schemes  
  • But this change is only likely to bring a modest area of land into appropriate management because only grassland on the Priority Habitats Inventory (PHI) will be eligible, and the PHI is far from complete  
  • Additional resources are needed to expedite the assessment and listing of good quality grasslands, without significant extra work or delay for farmers  
  • Farmers in mid-tier Country Stewardship might also be cautious about taking up these options without better access to advisory and support services  

Restoration or creation of species-rich grasslands in Countryside Stewardship:  

  • These options pay at the same rate as management options (£646/ha) – and again are welcomed  
  • These rates should generate interest, but many farmers will also want to know whether they will have access to sufficient advisory support 
  • These options are also only available in Higher Tier Countryside Stewardship, which could significantly limit uptake as there is no intermediate option available 

Species-rich floodplain meadows in Countryside Stewardship: 

  • We welcome new options at £1,070/ha for managing and connecting floodplain meadows  
  • The change to payment rates reflects the immense multifunctional benefits of these habitats and the complexity of their management  
  • Floodplain meadows are at the cutting edge of nature-based solutions to the climate-fuelled challenges of managing soils, water and carbon, as well as restoring nature 

No change to Sustainable Farming Incentive grassland management rates:  

  • The increases to CS rates highlight the gap compared to SFI incentives for grassland, which remain at a low level in SFI 
  • It is yet to be seen whether higher CS rates will encourage farmers to accelerate towards applying to enter CS. The risk remains that the higher payment rates for other SFI options, (such as £382/ha for herbal leys, compared to £151/ha for managing grassland with very low inputs), incentivise farmers to plough up/plant permanent grassland to enter into other SFI options, resulting in further loss of grassland habitat  
  • We have previously highlighted the need for better safeguards around the entry of land into SFI herbal ley options, which attract higher payments than low-input grassland management. This is because there isn’t a mechanism to differentiate between the eligible improved grassland, and grassland that has been semi-improved but still has some restoration potential 
  • The risks remain that semi-improved grassland with restoration potential is entered into herbal leys, or that species-rich grassland is fertilised or ploughed in order to ensure its eligibility  

Advice and support are needed:  

  • These changes demonstrate how vital it is that, alongside money, these ELM schemes also provide advice and support for farmers  
  • This should be available for all farmers, whether taking their first steps into grassland restoration or tackling ever-bigger restoration projects  
  • The UK government announcement refers to advisory services, but without detail 

Our work

Fen Orchid Programme

Fen Orchid Programme

A more than 10 years programme of increasing the population of the Fen Orchid in the UK lead by Plantlife.

A Big Win for Grassland, But Farmers Need More
Cows in a field of grass by a gate in Greena Moor

A Big Win for Grassland, But Farmers Need More

After a big government announcement, our experts have been delving into the details on the latest funding changes for farmers.

Sustainable Farming Needs Government Support, Report Reveals
Wildflowers growing in a meadow with cattle behind

Sustainable Farming Needs Government Support, Report Reveals

As governments continue to undervalue grasslands, Plantlife is calling on policymakers to help farmers make sustainable choices. 

  • Go to:

Species-rich meadows and pastures are hanging by a thread. As we watch governments deciding on detail and picking payment rates for their respective agri-environment schemes – will policy decisions be lifelines for farmers and nature, or money for old rope?   

It is time for us to take a new look at old grasslands.  

Understanding the value of grasslands

Small square hay bailer in field

Permanent, species-rich grassland needs to be properly valued, prioritised and resourced. We are calling on policymakers to help our brilliant farmers protect these special grasslands, which are the product of decisions by generations of farmers.

Today a strategic approach by governments – in England, Scotland and Wales – is needed to ensure the right decisions for future generations, for nature and for grassland.

Why should governments listen?

Our new report ‘Farming Income for Semi-Natural Grasslands’ shines a light on the risks, rewards and potential in farming nature-rich grasslands. It spells out some of the tough questions facing farming and conservation efforts in England, Wales and Scotland – and what governments can do to help.

The report highlights inspiring farmers who are rethinking the value of species-rich grasslands as a way to rebalance inputs, outputs and profit. Many of them are concluding that permanent low-input grasslands can be key to making farm finances more sustainable.

However, other farmers are re-evaluating these grasslands and warning that agri-environment scheme offers aren’t sufficient to secure the future management of species-rich grasslands, the report reveals. Right now, for example, farmers in Wales are being offered drastically reduced payment rates for habitat management and in England farmers are being offered less for managing species-rich grasslands than they would get on the same land for short term herbal leys of minimal conservation value.

WATCH: Plantlife’s Agricultural Advisor, Hywel Morgan talks about the benefits of sustainable farming:

Cows in a field of grass by a gate in Greena Moor

Governments need to prioritise grasslands

Governments across the UK need to have strategic approaches to permanent grasslands, the report concludes. Grasslands need to be recognised for their multifunctionality when it comes to land use, nature and climate.

Strategic plans for grassland should include:

  • long-term agri-environment schemes to provide a compelling basis for farmers to see permanent species-rich grassland as a viable business option;
  • access to high quality advisory and support services for farmers, including peer-to-peer knowledge transfer on managing high nature value grasslands
  • developing grassland data and specialist capacity within government agencies.

Why are grasslands important?

Permanent grasslands in the UK have been persistently undervalued, our previous work [1] with partners has demonstrated. Alongside producing high-quality food, these grasslands deliver habitats for nature, ecological connectivity, carbon and water storage, flood mitigation, and healthy soils. In summary, species-rich grasslands offer a way to combine food production with nature, in ways more complementary than competitive.

The report ‘Farming Income for Semi-Natural Grasslands’ was funded by Airwick Botanica, and researched and compiled by SLR Consulting, on behalf of a partnership of WWF UK, Plantlife and Pasture for Life.  The partner bodies are very grateful to the inspiring farmers who volunteered case studies.

Our work

Fen Orchid Programme

Fen Orchid Programme

A more than 10 years programme of increasing the population of the Fen Orchid in the UK lead by Plantlife.

A Big Win for Grassland, But Farmers Need More
Cows in a field of grass by a gate in Greena Moor

A Big Win for Grassland, But Farmers Need More

After a big government announcement, our experts have been delving into the details on the latest funding changes for farmers.

Sustainable Farming Needs Government Support, Report Reveals
Wildflowers growing in a meadow with cattle behind

Sustainable Farming Needs Government Support, Report Reveals

As governments continue to undervalue grasslands, Plantlife is calling on policymakers to help farmers make sustainable choices. 

  • Go to:

About Local Nature Recovery Strategies

Local Nature Recovery Strategies (LNRSs) are a crucial element of the UK government’s commitments to turn the tide on species loss in England. If they are properly informed and implemented, they could deliver huge gains for biodiversity and serve to reconnect communities with nature recovery. 

The intention is that each of the 48 LNRS regions (broadly following county lines) will produce a locally owned and informed action plan to;
a) spotlight and map high priority areas for biodiversity where nature can be conserved, restored, and connected and
b) establish a sense of local ownership and responsibility for wildlife.

As these strategies are going to target a lot of future conservation work in England it’s absolutely vital that we get them right, and make sure they deliver the wide range of environmental benefits that we urgently need.  

Plantlife are using this opportunity to advocate the indispensable role that wild plants and fungi play in ecosystem function, and to help responsible authorities design and deliver LNRSs with species protection at their hearts. 

Our recommendations

1. Including specialist data on habitats and species to produce a really well-informed knowledge base of local biodiversity.

Having this knowledge base early on will produce the most reliable map of opportunities for biodiversity protection and enhancement going forwards.

2. Implementing measures to boost species diversity and prevent the further loss of species.

Increasing the structural diversity of a habitat will create more niches for different species to occupy, and it’s important that bespoke plans for priority species present are always included within habitat management. This will prevent extinctions, while improving the condition of the overall habitat. 

3. Recognising our grasslands for the powerful nature-based solutions that they are.

Species-rich grasslands are some of our most reliable habitats for carbon storage and wildlife support, but they are being lost at an alarming rate.

Designing LNRSs which protect and restore species rich grasslands will support whole communities of wildlife and create stable, long-term sub-soil carbon stores.

4. Promoting a diversity of management approaches across our treescape to reflect the unique requirements of each woodland type.

Woods and trees need to be managed to sustain the breadth of species they can support, this means diversifying our woods in terms of tree species and age, creating open spaces and transitional habitats, and preserving ancient trees for lichen and bryophyte diversity.
 

5. Always working to the principle of ‘Right Tree, Right Place, Right Management’ when designing tree planting schemes.

Increasing tree cover cannot come at the cost of our existing priority wildlife and carbon stores.
 

6. Mitigating the damaging impacts of air pollution, through nature-based solutions and emission reduction measures.

Air pollution is a serious issue nationally, and it threatens wildlife as well as human health. LNRS provide an opportunity to tackle this threat both by mapping sources of emissions and areas of high deposition and implementing measures to mitigate the impacts of pollution.

7. Improving the condition and extent of green infrastructure networks.

Well-designed and protected urban green space such as road verges and amenity grasslands connect urban habitats with the wider countryside.

This reverses habitat fragmentation, locks away carbon, supports biodiversity, reduces pollution, tackles heat extremes, minimises flooding and improves health and wellbeing.

8. Taking steps to improve local ecosystem health and climate resilience.

Many of the  threats our species and habitats are currently facing are projected to worsen with rising global temperatures, but by leveraging the power of local each LNRSs can make a difference at a small scale which, scaled up across England, can improve our overall resilience. 

What you can do

Our work

A Temperate Rainforest Strategy for England:
branches and tree covered with lichens

A Temperate Rainforest Strategy for England:

A new English government strategy for temperate rainforest has been released, but restoring the rainforest in England requires a more detailed approach that recognises and addresses the threats. To put the rainforest on the path to recovery, concrete action is needed.

Government Action for Temperate Rainforests 

Government Action for Temperate Rainforests 

Discover how Plantlife is working with governments to protect and restore temperate rainforest along the Atlantic coast of Britain.

Design your LNRS to Deliver for Plants and Fungi

Design your LNRS to Deliver for Plants and Fungi

Drive positive change for your local wildlife and local communities with Plantlife's LNRS Local Nature Recovery Strategy guidance.

I have recently joined the Plantlife team on the Glaswelltiroedd Gwydn (Resilient Grasslands) Project, at a time when grassland fungi are at their peak.

Chris and I have farmed our small slice of westfacing Cambrian mountain for the last 22 years. In that time, we have seen the variety and diversity of plant life quietly improve, and this has extended to the amazing fungi in our grassland.

Our land is a mosaic of rock, bog, wet and dry grassland, with a little bit of improved pasture so we can ensure we produce our Welsh Black cattle purely on grass (with no bought in feed) – minimising our environmental impact. Maintaining a speciesrich grassland has benefits for soil health and overall environmental resilience above and below ground, which expands into the wider environment encouraging insects and birds and even safeguarding water quality.  

Cattle on grassland

What are waxcaps?

Fungi are fickle in their appearance and may not throw up fruiting bodies every year, or in the same place, but generally in autumn, the fungi that are particularly spectacular are the family of waxcaps. They are a colourful and magnificent family of 60 or so grassland fungi.  

On our farm, we’d already counted 21 species of waxcap, but this year that was surpassed by the first appearance of species number 22, the Yellow Foot Waxcap Cuphophyllus flavipes. It has a domed grey cap and pale gills that run down the stem, which is white with distinct yellow colouration to the base. 

Blackening Waxcaps, Hygrocybe conica

The fungi I found

This summer was unusual, with August and September being almost constantly wet, bringing out a large number of Blackening Waxcaps, Hygrocybe conica, early in the season (there is a second flush now). This was followed swiftly by solitary Citrines, H.citrinovirens, which appeared in some unlikely places (including the edge of an ‘improved’ field).  

A particularly pleasing waxcap to appear recently was the aptly named and rather large Splendid Waxcap, Hygrocybe splendidissima. The large, bright red cap quickly expands, spreading as it matures and is similar to other red ones but generally larger. All types of red waxcap are indicators of particularly good quality waxcap habitat.

And we can’t forget the small orange ones that are devilish to identify! We are expecting more species to appear as the autumn progresses.  

Does fungi change farming? 

Having at least some species-rich grassland on a farm is important to help restore balance within the system. In simple terms, providing refuge for beneficial insects and a food source for birds, which then prey on pests, strengthens the ecosystem. Plus, just like us, grazing livestock will appreciate a varied diet and as with us, it helps to improve gut health. The fungi pose no risk to livestock and they tend not to eat them. 

The financial impact of maintaining some species-diverse and fungi-friendly grassland on a farm needn’t be an issue. Steeper slopes and poorer areas of farmland are not economic to maintain as highly productive swards, so there can be a net gain by returning these areas into species-rich grasslands, which provide resilient grazing areas at difficult times of the year. 

Splendid Waxcap, Hygrocybe splendidissima

How do you ID fungi?

One of the challenges with fungi identification is that they can change shape and colour as they expand.

But, if you’ve spotted some waxcaps, here are some handy things to look out for:

  • Cap shape and colour
  • Gill colour and the way they attach to the stem
  • Characteristics of the stem
  • Texture (slimy, dry or fibrous)
  • And for some, the smell!

Britain is home to some of the most important waxcap grasslands in the world – but many species are becoming rare and declining. We need your help identifying and protecting them through the #WaxcapWatch.

What can fungi tell us?

Fungi are particularly sensitive to soil damage due to their predominantly underground life cycle, so it is the undisturbed grassland with no artificial inputs that they thrive in. This may be grassland with a good diversity of wildflower and grass species, but it’s important to note that many outstanding waxcap grasslands are botanically quite nondescript.  

What links waxcap grasslands with flower-rich ones is that they have declined dramatically across the UK through changes in agricultural practices and urban development.  These grasslands are multifunctional and could have an important place in mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration, resilience against drought and flood, improving water quality and the wellbeing of both environment and people. 

If you want to improve fungal communities on your farm, here are some simple actions:

  • Short grazed or cut swards encourage the fungi to fruit 
  • No soil disturbance, in particular ploughing, as it breaks the underground network 
  • No artificial fertilisers, excess nutrients in the soil supress the function of the fungi 
  • No sprays, as weedkillers (even the targeted ones), damage the fungi as well as the weeds 
  • Application of lime may in moderation form part of management; some species thrive in calcareous soils, but dramatic changes in pH are likely to be damaging 

Images: Cows in field Photographed by: Lydia Nicholls

And if you’d like to learn a bit more…

Flowers that Represent Love
Photograph shows a close up on a Sweet Violet flower. The flower head droops slightly towards the ground. It is a beautiful rich purple in colour, shown against green leaves and grasses in the background.

Flowers that Represent Love

Did you know that dreaming of Harebells is said to be a sign of true love, or that Daffodils are used to celebrate a couple's first decade of marriage?

Wonderful wildflowers to spot in the UK this winter
A close up of a few snowdrops. The white flower heads bow with a droplet of water sitting on the main flower. The flowers hard tipped leaves are visible behind the pretty white petals.

Wonderful wildflowers to spot in the UK this winter

Though we typically associate wildflowers with spring and summer, some species thrive in the colder months.

Good News – 10 Positive Ways we’ve Impacted Nature in 2024!
Snowy picture of Ranscombe Nature Reserve

Good News – 10 Positive Ways we've Impacted Nature in 2024!

For a full dose of positivity take a look through our 2024 highlights. Let's revisit the amazing ways we have helped protect nature for the future this year.

Fancy a half-term adventure for the whole family, that gets the kids outside and interested in nature? Well, the answer is on your doorstep…fungi hunting.  

Fungi are one of our most fascinating creations, and best of all, they are right under our noses – perfect for children to spot. You don’t even need to go to a nature reserve, the hunt for fungi can begin in your back garden or local greenspace.  

With autumn well and truly here, I have found myself delving into the weird and wonderful world of fungi – very much aided by my children’s interest. The questions about what is this strange looking mushroom, what are these neon blobs, or gelatinous goo on the log – prompted my own interest in jolly-well finding out.

As it turns out, fungi are as diverse and complicated a group as one might expect. And it’s quite astonishing how brilliant children are at spotting them. (I suppose being that much closer to the ground and having 20:20 vision is probably a large amount to do with it!)

Girl looking at fungi on a tree trunk

Where to find Fungi?

You can find fungi in so many places, here are just a few:  

  • Among grasses in gardens or green spaces  
  • The forest floor 
  • Under leaf litter or on fallen logs  
  • At the base and on trunks of trees  

What to bring ?

  • A notepad and pencils 
  • Phone or camera  
  • Some snacks for those hungry fungi-hunters  
  • A hand lens is helpful, but not essential  
Child looking at fungi on a tree trunk

On our first trip out, we found more than 30 species in just one hour, ranging from the colourful circus like fungi, to the downright weird freak show of stinkhorns and slime moulds. We have been to woods in the Blackdowns, Dead woman’s ditch in the Quantocks and even round the corner at Thurlbear. All of these places gave us a range of fascinating finds, just by stepping off the path and looking around. Even if you don’t know the species, a few quick photos from different angles and a social media post, will soon increase your knowledge.

Amazing fungi names

I think the children particularly like the sheer surprise element in fungi finding, you really don’t know what could turn up. Plus, the names are a delight – from the Shaggy Inkcap Coprinus comatus, Scarlet Elfcup Sarcoscypha austriaca, Amethyst Deceiver Laccaria amethystina, Beefsteak fungus Fistulina hepatica and Turkey Tail Trametes versicolor.  Some of them ooze blood like droplets, turn bright blue when sliced, smell like honey or puff magic smokey spores when prodded! There are literally so many reasons for not only kids but the kids in us to be fascinated by this world of mycelial magic in the woods.

Children looking at fungus

Top tips for first-time fungi hunters:  

  • You don’t need to go to a nature reserve, you can often find fungi in your garden or local green space
  • Despite some being poisonous to eat, looking or even touching fungi is not harmful  
  • It’s fine to get close, take photos and examine their incredible beauty – without any worry or danger  
  • It’s always advisable to wash your hands before eating when you’re out exploring nature 

Why not join our Waxcap Watch campaign

This Autumn, we’re also asking for your help to find Britain’s most colourful and important fungi – waxcaps. Click here to take part and find out more about our #WaxcapWatch– and you might even be able to help us find some important species-rich grassland in the process.  

And if you’d like to learn a bit more…

Flowers that Represent Love
Photograph shows a close up on a Sweet Violet flower. The flower head droops slightly towards the ground. It is a beautiful rich purple in colour, shown against green leaves and grasses in the background.

Flowers that Represent Love

Did you know that dreaming of Harebells is said to be a sign of true love, or that Daffodils are used to celebrate a couple's first decade of marriage?

Wonderful wildflowers to spot in the UK this winter
A close up of a few snowdrops. The white flower heads bow with a droplet of water sitting on the main flower. The flowers hard tipped leaves are visible behind the pretty white petals.

Wonderful wildflowers to spot in the UK this winter

Though we typically associate wildflowers with spring and summer, some species thrive in the colder months.

Good News – 10 Positive Ways we’ve Impacted Nature in 2024!
Snowy picture of Ranscombe Nature Reserve

Good News – 10 Positive Ways we've Impacted Nature in 2024!

For a full dose of positivity take a look through our 2024 highlights. Let's revisit the amazing ways we have helped protect nature for the future this year.

Since the 1930s, 97% of wildflower meadows across England and Wales have disappeared due to pressures from intensive agriculture and development. 

We want to go beyond caring for the 3% that are left.  

The Meadow Makers project will work with landowners to restore and create, as well as monitor and manage, 100 hectares of species-rich meadows over the next 15 years. 

We’ve received a record-breaking £8million from National Highways to restore meadows, from Dartmoor to north Yorkshire, to help people nature and wildlife.  

Why do our meadows need saving? 

Meadows and species-rich grasslands are magnificent, in many ways. They are extraordinary ecosystems, with native wild plants at their heart.

Species richness in grasslands can significantly improve carbon storage in the soil, which is a vital tool for addressing the climate crisis. They also have fungal networks covering thousands of miles, can be home to up to 140 species of wildflowers, provide flood mitigation and provide nutrient-rich grazing for livestock.

Meadow in north Wales

140 

Species of wildflower can be found in a single meadow 

100  

Hectares of meadow will be restored and created 

160 

Insects are supported by the food plant Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil alone 

 

Over the next 15 years, seven sites – six in Devon and one in North Yorkshire – will undergo significant grassland restoration with our team of meadow specialists. 

Every meadow is home to different species and habitats. This project will require unique care to allow the meadows to bloom wilder than ever. 

How we’re restoring 100 hectares of meadow: 

Meadow on Dartmoor

In Dartmoor 

  • Re-introducing an annual hay cut and grazing regime, allowing wildflowers to bloom and set seed 
  • Tackling species which threaten rare and native meadow specialists, through methods such as Bracken control 
  • Sewing local seeds to increase the floral biodiversity 
  • Testing the soil to inform future work, vital for our team of specialists 
  • Caring for Rhos Pasture, a rare species-rich meadow featuring Purple Moor-grass and rushes 
Brush harvester at Beechwood

On the North York Moors

  • Re-introducing an annual hay cut and grazing regime, allowing wildflowers to bloom and set seed 
  • Managing pastures better for biodiversity 
  • Increasing the number of wildflowers through the spreading of green hay and locally sourced seed  
  • Tackling species which threaten rare and native meadow specialists 

The Meadow Makers project will contribute towards our goal of restoring 10,000 hectares of species-rich grassland by 2030.