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The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards

Join our Specialist Botanical Advisor, Sarah Shuttleworth, for a deep dive into the history of lawns – from how they started to what they represented.

Photograph shows a lawn with a house behind it - the lawn is filled with Dandelions that have turned to seed

Whether you consider your lawn as a green carpet or a flowering, woven web ecosystem, have you ever considered where the start of the grass mowing habit first began?

Grasslands have almost exclusively been the product of land management by men and women for the purposes of grazing livestock or producing fodder for animals during the winter. This has been practised for thousands of years in the UK and as a result our grassland wildlife has become diverse and in some cases highly adapted.

The act of managing these vast areas of grassland was done by farmers, labourers etc through animal husbandry and hay cutting. It’s important to remember that without cutting or grazing grasslands soon start to scrub over with thorny bushes, then trees and lose the majority of their botanical interest and diversity.

Lawns actually came about during the 18th century as a way of proving to your neighbours that you had the wealth and resources to have land that was not managed for farming but managed for exclusively for recreation and to be aesthetically pleasing.

To keep this grass short and neat required the tireless effort of hired staff to scythe regularly and rake off the cuttings. If you could have someone design your land and gardens that included areas to be managed in such a way, you had truly made it.

A mown lawn with tools used for cutting grass, surrounded by a flowering tall grass border

By the time the technology to create automotive cutting devices (aka mowers) was available in the 19th century then owning lawns and cutting them really took off as more people aspired to garden like the elite.

The neat and tidy lawns even stretched to far flung areas of the world via the march of the British Empire and with it the desire to create flat green stages for sports such as cricket and football.

During the 19th and 20th centuries this neat and tidy green carpet aesthetic dominated with lawn care becoming a big business. Activities involving fertilising, herbiciding, moss-killing, scarification and aeration were enough to keep anyone busy as a bee on just the lawn, not to mention all the weeding in the herbaceous borders!

As households have become more time-poor and our understanding of climate change and the biodiversity crisis is growing, gardening has been much more a mix of time saving and providing a haven for wildlife. Sometimes sadly one is exclusive of the other with tarmacking over front gardens for driveways or the dreaded laying of fake turf, all for the sake of convenience. Thankfully although the need for parking our family fleet of vehicles is likely to persist the desire for the false economy of artificial lawns is possibly waning. Overall consumer sales and installation enquiries have dropped dramatically as environmental and flooding concerns have come to the forefront.

Although the shift might seem minimal or very gradual, since Plantlife began our No Mow May Campaign, the changes in attitudes and behaviours are noticeable. Relaxing our mowing schedules and embracing our wilder gardens is welcomed by an increasing portion of British society, and the shift from immaculate turf installations to immersive wildlife experiences on your doorstep is simply heart-warming.

1700s

Influential landscape designers, including Lanecelot ‘Capability’ Brown are part of the beginning of the traditional English Landscape garden aesthetic. Features such as vast sweeping lawns and parkland tree planting are key aspects to these designs.

1830

Patents for the first lawn mower, enabling the crisp, flat greens of aristocracy to be more readily available to the average home.

1963

The enviable lawn stripes become even easier to obtain thanks to the development of the Flymo mower, allowing a less labour intensive technique to the weekly mow!

2018

Plantlife see an opportunity to raise awareness of the plight of our species-rich grasslands in the wider countryside by encouraging a change in management of our greenspaces by local authorities. A casually used turn of phrase ‘no mow may’ becomes the go to hashtag to punctuate this activity.

2026

No Mow May in its 8th year has become a household name, used to describe a more sensitive way to look after lawns and greenspaces with wildlife as a feature as much as a play or picnic spot. No Mow Movement is gathering momentum and understanding as we embark on creating a shift in attitudes away from making stripes and clean edges to more of a No Mow MAYke a Meadow!

 

Read more

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards
Photograph shows a lawn with a house behind it - the lawn is filled with Dandelions that have turned to seed

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards

Join our Specialist Botanical Advisor, Sarah Shuttleworth, for a deep dive into the history of lawns – from how they started to what they represented.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help
Photograph shows a close-up of a frog, half visible peeking up out of the water. You can see the frogs face and 2 front feet holding on to pond plants.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help

We’re know that No Mow May benefits biodiversity and our pollinators – but did you know that not mowing can also be a huge benefit to amphibians like frogs?

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

It’s not just wildflowers which benefit from not mowing our lawns this May. Pollinators and other wildlife bring our gardens to life!

How No Mow May is Helping Combat Climate Change
No Mow May garden

How No Mow May is Helping Combat Climate Change

There are so many benefits to taking part in the No Mow Movement. From helping wildflowers and grasses to grow freely, providing food for pollinators, habitat for wildlife and helping to tackle the changing climate.

Top 5 Butterflies to Spot in May
Photograph shows a Holly Blue butterfly on a wildflower. The butterfly is photographed side on and you can see the pretty pale blue wing pattern.

Top 5 Butterflies to Spot in May

We're not the only ones who love all the benefits of No Mow May! Here, the Butterfly Conservation joins us to give their top 5 species to look out for in your No Mow Movement area.

No lawn? No Problem: 6 Ways to Join in with No Mow May

No lawn? No Problem: 6 Ways to Join in with No Mow May

As well as bringing back the bloom to our lawns, there are many ways you can get involved with No Mow May, even if you don’t have a garden.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help

We know that No Mow May benefits biodiversity including our pollinators – but did you know that not mowing can also be a huge benefit to amphibians like frogs?

Here, Froglife joins us to give their top No Mow May top tips and insights, including how not mowing can help, what species to spot and where you might find them.

Photograph shows a close-up of a frog, half visible peeking up out of the water. You can see the frogs face and 2 front feet holding on to pond plants.

No Mow May encourages people to let grass grow and wildflowers bloom during May and beyond.

While best known for helping pollinators, it also creates important habitats for amphibians such as frogs, toads and newts, as well as reptiles like slow worms and grass snakes.

Photograph shows a small Smooth Newt crawling through long grass

Why is No Mow May Good for Reptiles and Amphibians?

Amphibians depend on damp environments because their skin dries out easily. Short, regularly mown lawns can become hot and dry, making them unsuitable. Allowing grass to grow helps retain moisture and creates cooler, shaded conditions.

Longer grass also provides:

  • Shelter from predators
  • Higher humidity
  • Cooler microclimates
  • More invertebrates for food

This makes gardens and green spaces safer places for reptiles and amphibians to feed, rest and move through.

What Species of Amphibians Benefit from the No Mow Movement?

Common species that benefit include:

  • Common frog
  • Common toad
  • Smooth newt
  • Palmate newt

You may even be lucky enough to see great crested newts!

Reptiles such as slow worms and grass snakes may also use longer grass for cover, hunting and temperature regulation.

Where to See Amphibians Including Frogs?

Amphibians often breed in ponds, but, like reptiles, they spend much of their lives on land. Both species can be found in:

  • Gardens
  • under logs, leaf piles or shrubs
  • Parks, allotments and community green spaces

People without gardens can still support wildlife by encouraging less mowing in shared spaces or supporting local initiatives.

Photograph shows long grass along the border of a garden. A pond is shown behind the long grass border.

How Does the No Mow Movement Boost Biodiversity?

No Mow May and the wider Movement benefits whole ecosystems. Longer grass and wildflowers increase insect numbers, providing food for reptiles, amphibians, and other wildlife.

Healthier habitats also support pollinators, improve soil quality and create more balanced food webs. Reptiles and amphibians are good indicators of environmental health, so supporting them benefits a wide range of species.

Why Go Beyond No Mow May?

Extending No Mow May into summer and beyond brings even greater benefits.

Different stages of amphibian and reptile life cycles depend on longer vegetation:

  • Spring: amphibians and reptiles breed and migrate
  • Summer: young amphibians and reptiles disperse to wider habitats and need cover
  • Autumn: reptiles and amphibians prepare for hibernation
  • Winter: undisturbed areas provide shelter

Maintaining a mix of habitats, long grass, shorter paths, and features like log piles, supports more wildlife than a neatly mown lawn.

No Mow May is a simple way to make gardens and shared spaces more wildlife-friendly. Continuing these practices beyond May helps create connected habitats across urban and rural areas.

Even small changes can make a difference, helping frogs, toads, newts snakes and lizards survive and thrive alongside people.

More on the No Mow Movement

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards
Photograph shows a lawn with a house behind it - the lawn is filled with Dandelions that have turned to seed

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards

Join our Specialist Botanical Advisor, Sarah Shuttleworth, for a deep dive into the history of lawns – from how they started to what they represented.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help
Photograph shows a close-up of a frog, half visible peeking up out of the water. You can see the frogs face and 2 front feet holding on to pond plants.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help

We’re know that No Mow May benefits biodiversity and our pollinators – but did you know that not mowing can also be a huge benefit to amphibians like frogs?

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

It’s not just wildflowers which benefit from not mowing our lawns this May. Pollinators and other wildlife bring our gardens to life!

How No Mow May is Helping Combat Climate Change
No Mow May garden

How No Mow May is Helping Combat Climate Change

There are so many benefits to taking part in the No Mow Movement. From helping wildflowers and grasses to grow freely, providing food for pollinators, habitat for wildlife and helping to tackle the changing climate.

Top 5 Butterflies to Spot in May
Photograph shows a Holly Blue butterfly on a wildflower. The butterfly is photographed side on and you can see the pretty pale blue wing pattern.

Top 5 Butterflies to Spot in May

We're not the only ones who love all the benefits of No Mow May! Here, the Butterfly Conservation joins us to give their top 5 species to look out for in your No Mow Movement area.

No lawn? No Problem: 6 Ways to Join in with No Mow May

No lawn? No Problem: 6 Ways to Join in with No Mow May

As well as bringing back the bloom to our lawns, there are many ways you can get involved with No Mow May, even if you don’t have a garden.

1. Start a Community Meadow

Creating a meadow is a really simple way to bring the local community together, whilst doing something positive for nature. So, what are community meadows? They are areas, predominantly of grassland, that are owned and managed by the community, such as parks, road verges, school grounds, village greens, church land or fields.

You don’t need to be an expert to start one – we’ve shared our tips for how to begin, what to plant, how to manage your green space year-round and how to engage the community.

Take a look at out guide

2. Talk to Your Neighbours

You may not have your own lawn or green space, but your neighbour or community might! If the 23 million garden owners of the UK joined forces for nature, it could transform the fortunes for our wild plants and the much-loved wildlife that depend on them.

Why not share our No Mow May resources with your neighbours and community? We’ve got posters, signs, pictures and social media cards which are a fantastic conversation starter – it could even be the start of a No Mow May street! 

3. Get Schools and Educational Hubs Involved


As well as a place to grow our curiosity, our educational spaces can be home to playing fields, verges and gardens which are ready to burst with life each spring. If your school isn’t taking part already, consider having a chat with staff to see if a space can be left for nature this year. As well as being a bonus for wildlife, why not use this as a fun learning opportunity to discover how many species you can spot? 

4. Chat to your Local Councillor

Whether it’s parish, town or district council, reaching out to your local decision makers to promote wildlife-friendly management can make a big difference. Local support can really help to bring about change, whether that’s through a volunteer group or social media page. Check out our Good Meadows Guide for some convincing talking points or the Flowers on Roadside Verges Facebook group for some inspiration.

Our councils manage some of our most widely-used green spaces, no matter where you live. Ask your local councillor about your councils plans to provide a home for wildflowers and wildlife in May and beyond, and share their good work on social media. 

5. Create a Mini Meadow in a Pot

If you have outdoor space but no lawn, don’t write off No Mow May just yet! Encourage wildlife to your garden with a pot or window box – what happens if you leave one with bare soil, perhaps local wild plants seed will find their way in. There are also native seed mixes you can sprinkle into pots which pollinators like bees and butterflies will go wild for! 

 

6. Connect with Places of Worship  


Often the cornerstone of our communities, our places of worship can be a sanctuary for people and wildlife alike. See if your local church, mosque or other place of worship has a green space they can pledge for nature this No Mow May. Churchyards for example, are often excellent places for wildflower and wildlife that enjoy the undisturbed grasslands.

 

10 wild, wacky and wonderful facts about the world of fungi 
Collection of Magpie Inkcaps

10 wild, wacky and wonderful facts about the world of fungi 

Here we delve into this mind-boggling realm to discover ten of weirdest, wackiest and most wonderful facts from the world of fungi! 

Unearthing the World We Cannot See – How I Found a Rare Native Fungus
Photograph shows a Wrinkled Peach fungus growing out of wood

Unearthing the World We Cannot See – How I Found a Rare Native Fungus

Join our Senior Conservation Officer for Fungi, Aileen Baird, as she discovers a rare fungus – one of the most beautiful and unusual species native to the UK.

Find Fungi on Your Doorstep
Photograph shows a close up of the beautiful Earpick Fungus, showing underneath the cap

Find Fungi on Your Doorstep

You don't need to travel far to find fungi. Some of Britain's most fascinating species could be growing on the tree outside your front door, in the local park, or tucked into a shady corner of your own garden. Let's go and find them.

How to Get Ready For No Mow May?

You’ve heard all about the No Mow Movement – but you’re not sure where to start?

Join us for a deep dive into your spring lawn and learn everything you need to know about how to prep for the best No Mo May!

Dandelions and daisies on a Wiltshire lawn

Plantlife’s No Mow May gears up in spring, and every year it’s gaining more and more momentum – but if you’ve never taken part before, where do you start?

The journey is all up to you and it can be as simple or as green-fingered as you like.

So if you’re looking for some ideas to get you started, here’s some of our top tips to get you on your No Mow way.

Get Ahead with Everything You Need to Know About No Mow May

Starting a new journey with your precious garden can be daunting, and we know that many people have lots of questions – from what happens when you stop mowing, to which flowers might pop-up.

So to help kick-start your journey, we’ve put together a handy guide with everything you need to know about the No Mow Movement – it’s the perfect place to get started.

The important thing is not to be intimidated and to give it a go – every wild patch can add up to huge gains for nature. And the aim is simple: to get people cutting less, for longer. So, whether you join us just for May or stick with it all season, it all makes a real difference.

Take part

A close up look out across a lawn from amongst the grasses. The grass has dew drops on each blade. Hedges can be seen in the background and a small peak at a clear blue sky.

What Should You Do to Your Lawn in April to Prepare for No Mow May?

It’s completely up to you how you prepare – you could just get to the first of the month and pack the mower away.

But there are a couple of things you could try to give your lawn the best chance of beautiful biodiversity:

  • Firstly, don’t feed your lawn – it will only promote the vigorous grasses to outcompete everything else.
  • Sow your springtime seeds! Some native wildflower seeds you’ll want to sow in the autumn, such as Yellow Rattle – but others can be sown in April.
  • Try sowing a mini meadow in a planter and see what comes up.
  • And pledge to take part and get a FREE No Mow May guide!

What Should You do to Your Lawn in May?

That’s up to you – but we’d recommend pledging for No Mow May, flicking through your FREE guide (complete with wildflower ID), grabbing a cup of tea and basking in nature!

When May starts, the easy bit begins: sign up, stop mowing, sit back and let it grow.

May is a great month to get started, because that’s when most of our wonderful wild plants are getting going for the season. Giving them time to grow during this period gives them a good head start.

At this time of year, your garden can also become a haven for wildlife at a time when it is greatly needed.

We think of May as the starting point, a springboard for managing your lawn for nature year-round. If you can make a start in May, that’s brilliant.

But really, this is part of a much bigger movement of caring for your garden to help nature. The goal is to mow less for longer, and to manage our lawns like mini hay meadows.

A close up of a pretty yellow flower against a background of blurred grass.There are five main flower heads in the shot and on the one closest to the camera is a bright green insects shining in the sun.

Do I Need to Sign Up to Take Part in No Mow May?

By pledging to take part in the No Mow Movement, you’re joining a community of people all caring for their gardens and greenspaces with nature in mind. And the more grassy spaces helping wildlife, the better.

It’s very easy and takes just 2 minutes to pledge and get your FREE No Mow May guide.

Please pledge today (you can join at any time from March to June) and help us see how many people are helping nature by letting it grow.

How to get the Best Results from No Mow May?

You can just stop mowing and see what comes up – in fact, the plants growing in your garden can even give you a bit of a history lesson on what your garden might have been in a former life.

But if you want to give biodiversity a bit of a boost, there’s a simple trick – variety!

If you keep 2 to 3 different grass lengths throughout the summer, it can help maximise flower variety as well as the nectar they produce for our precious pollinators:

  • Long and lush: If you can leave some areas unmown all year, you might encourage some of those taller wildflowers like Oxeye Daisy and Field Scabious to bloom. You could create longer patches in lawn corners or along boundaries. These tall grassy areas can also provide food, shelter, and nesting spots for wildlife like hedgehogs and toads.
  • Mid-length ‘meadows’: For mid-length areas you need to mow just 2–3 times a year. Leave it to grow between April or May and August to encourage taller summer flowers like Meadow Cranesbill, Musk Mallow, and Knapweed. Then mow as normal outside of these months.
  • Short and sweet: Mow the rest of your lawn once a month to a height of 1–2 inches. This allows low-growing plants like daisies and Bird’s-foot-trefoil to thrive.

What if You ‘Only’ Get Long Grass?

If you leave your lawn to do its thing, it’s going to look stunning no matter what comes through – nature is great like that.

Wildflowers are stunning and they’re certainly a favourite for our pollinators – but our gorgeous grasses often get left out of the spotlight.

When your grass is getting longer, take some time to sit out, watch the sun shining through the blades and the wind whisper through it.

Also, did you know that our native grasses are great for nature? Keep an eye out for the incredible Cock’s-foot Grass for example. It’s one of our tallest lawn grasses and can reach more than 1 metre. It provides pollen that honeybees love, caterpillars eat its leaves, finches feed on its seed and its tussocks provide safe places for nesting mammals and bees.

More on the No Mow Movement

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards
Photograph shows a lawn with a house behind it - the lawn is filled with Dandelions that have turned to seed

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards

Join our Specialist Botanical Advisor, Sarah Shuttleworth, for a deep dive into the history of lawns – from how they started to what they represented.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help
Photograph shows a close-up of a frog, half visible peeking up out of the water. You can see the frogs face and 2 front feet holding on to pond plants.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help

We’re know that No Mow May benefits biodiversity and our pollinators – but did you know that not mowing can also be a huge benefit to amphibians like frogs?

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

It’s not just wildflowers which benefit from not mowing our lawns this May. Pollinators and other wildlife bring our gardens to life!

How No Mow May is Helping Combat Climate Change
No Mow May garden

How No Mow May is Helping Combat Climate Change

There are so many benefits to taking part in the No Mow Movement. From helping wildflowers and grasses to grow freely, providing food for pollinators, habitat for wildlife and helping to tackle the changing climate.

Top 5 Butterflies to Spot in May
Photograph shows a Holly Blue butterfly on a wildflower. The butterfly is photographed side on and you can see the pretty pale blue wing pattern.

Top 5 Butterflies to Spot in May

We're not the only ones who love all the benefits of No Mow May! Here, the Butterfly Conservation joins us to give their top 5 species to look out for in your No Mow Movement area.

No lawn? No Problem: 6 Ways to Join in with No Mow May

No lawn? No Problem: 6 Ways to Join in with No Mow May

As well as bringing back the bloom to our lawns, there are many ways you can get involved with No Mow May, even if you don’t have a garden.

Our Guide to When and How to Sow Wildflower Seeds

Join us to delve into the secrets of creating a bright, blooming, buzzing lawn, from when to sow, to how to prep the land. 

Wildflower at Muker Meadows

Spring sees gardens in bloom, bursting with colourful blossoms!

By the time we reach the later summer months, some of those wildflowers will have faded – but it’s the perfect time to start prepping for next year! 

In fact, the best time of year to sow wildflower seeds in the UK, is between August and October. So here we delve into the secrets of creating a bright, blooming, buzzing lawn, from when to sow, to how to prep the land. 

However, before we jump in, it’s always advisable to see what you already have growing in your lawn. You might be surprised to find that there are some wildflowers already there and it’s always exciting to see what comes up on its own. 

A close up of a beautiful Yellow Rattle flower head with a meadow in the background

When to Sow Wildflower Seeds?

As we mentioned above, the best time to sow wildflower seeds in the UK, is between August and October. In other areas of the world it will depend on the local climate and the needs of the native wildflowers. 

The seeds of many wildflowers, including Yellow Rattle, need to be exposed to colder temperatures for a certain time period, to signal to them to get ready for germinating in the spring. 

Yellow Rattle in particular, needs to be sown  so it has around 4 months underground at below 5C to start this process and allow the seeds to germinate. 

How to Choose What Wildflower Seeds to Use?

We always advise that people buy seeds from a supplier that provides native seeds from the country you plan on sowing them. 

It’s not just the country that’s important though, local areas all have their own unique flora. So where possible, it’s always best to buy seed that is sourced locally as this will ensure that your flowers will grow happily in your area and be suitable for local wildlife.  

It’s always a good idea to think about your specific space too, including the soil type, PH, whether your site is dry or damp, shady or sunny. For species to flourish it depends on whether they are suited to these conditions. 

Why not read our full seed guide to find out more. Or visit our shop here to look through the seeds we have available.

all white daisies in grassland

What Wildflowers Should You Sow in Your Lawn?

There are many different mixes to choose from, and there’s a few things to consider. Firstly take in mind the local flora, and what you see naturally appearing in your area. You also should consider whether you want a tall mini meadow with flowers like Oxeye Daisy, or a lower flowering lawn with plants like Self-heal. 

One wildflower we would recommend, especially if you are seeding into a lawn that only has grass, or one that has more vigorous grasses, is Yellow Rattle often referred to as ‘The Meadow Maker’. This semi-parasitic plant helps limit the growth of competing grasses, to allow more wildflowers to come through naturally. Find out more about growing Yellow Rattle here. 

You could also add flowers like Poppies and Cornflowers to give some pops of different colours. These are both annual species, so will not necessarily reappear in future years. 

Can You Just Scatter Wildflower Seeds on Grass?

There was a growing trend of ‘seed bombing’ which saw small balls of seeds and compost dropped onto bare ground to create mini areas of blooms. 

While this can certainly work, and is how some wildflowers successfully seed themselves, there are better ways. 

Read on below to find our top tips of how to prepare the ground to see the best success

How to Prepare the Ground to Sow Wildflower Seeds

The older and ‘wilder’ your lawn the better! If your lawn is like a bowling green, with fertile soil and no ‘weeds’, then you might first want to lower the nutrients in the soil. You can do this by regularly mowing your lawn and removing the cuttings for the first year or so. It could take a year or 2 to get your soil to the right nutrient level. 

When you’re ready you can add wildflower seeds to your lawn to increase biodiversity. The best way to do this is to cut your lawn very short in the autumn and scarify it by going over it with a rake to create patches of bare soil to scatter your seeds on. Keep going until around 50% of the area is bare ground. 

How to Sow Wildflower Seeds

When it comes to actually sowing the seeds – less is more. You actually only need 1 or 2 teaspoons of seed per square metre. 

Spread the seed across the ground evenly and pick a nice still day so the seeds don’t blow away before they land. The seeds can be mixed with sand for easier spreading. After this, gently trample the seeds in. It’s a good idea to water the ground lightly if the weather is drier, but be careful not to wash away the seeds. 

How to Sow Wildflower Seed Plugs

There is another option to get wildflowers into your lawn, which some people do see better results with, which is to sow seeds into pots and then plant them outdoors. 

To do this, sow the wildflower seeds in the autumn and leave the pots outside, to allow them to be exposed to the cold. Many wildflowers need a cold spell before they can germinate. 

Once the plants have germinated and started to grow you can move the little seedlings into individual pots. The best time to do this is when the plants have 3 or 4 leaves on them. You can encourage the growth of healthy roots by cutting off any flower stems. 

The following autumn, the plants can then be moved into your lawn. Once the plants are established, it’s worth keeping an eye on them for the first year or 2, to make sure they take properly and are not shaded out. You can do this by gently cutting the surrounding vegetation back to give them more space. 

Read more

5 Native UK Grasses You Need to Know and Why
Sweet Vernal Grass in the sunshine

5 Native UK Grasses You Need to Know and Why

They might not be as colourful, but they're every bit as important and add movement and texture to our landscape. From sweet scents to clever survival strategies, our native grasses are full of surprises.

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards
Photograph shows a lawn with a house behind it - the lawn is filled with Dandelions that have turned to seed

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards

Join our Specialist Botanical Advisor, Sarah Shuttleworth, for a deep dive into the history of lawns – from how they started to what they represented.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help
Photograph shows a close-up of a frog, half visible peeking up out of the water. You can see the frogs face and 2 front feet holding on to pond plants.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help

We’re know that No Mow May benefits biodiversity and our pollinators – but did you know that not mowing can also be a huge benefit to amphibians like frogs?

Yellow rattle, commonly known as the meadow maker, is one of the most important plants you need for a meadow. Without it, vigorous grasses can grow unchecked and smother flowers you want to encourage.

As Yellow Rattle Rhinanthus minor grows in a meadow the grass will become thinner, making room for plants like Oxeye Daisy, Knapweeds and Vetches to appear. And if you’re lucky, maybe even an orchid will pop up.

Photographing showing the lifecycle of Yellow Rattle - on the left hand side is a Yellow Rattle plant in flower, with it's pretty and unusual yellow flower heads in focus, in the centre there is a Yellow Rattle plant that has began to set seed with green seed pods visible, on the right hand side there is a Yellow Rattle plant in seed where the pods have dried.

What is the Life Cycle (a year) of Yellow Rattle?

  • The seeds germinate in early spring and grow quickly
  • As the roots develop, it seeks out the roots of plants growing nearby, especially grasses
  • Once it makes contact, Yellow Rattle draws water and nutrients from the nearby plants
  • This leaves space for flowers to grow

Then large bees, especially bumblebees, move in and pollinate the flowers of yellow rattle and it’s large seed pods dry and ripen. This leaves the seeds rattling around inside. Farmers used to use the sound of the rattling seeds as their cue to cut the hay – hence the name.

How to Grow Yellow Rattle?

Yellow Rattle is a very useful starting plant when making a wildflower meadow, but it can be a little tricky to establish. Here are some top tips to get you started:

When Does Yellow Rattle Seed and How Can You Harvest Yellow Rattle Seed?

  • Yellow Rattle seeds are very short lived so they must be sown as fresh as possible and ideally will have been harvested in the most recent summer
  • You can pop over to the Plantlife shop to buy some
  • Or even better, if you know somewhere locally with Yellow Rattle, then ask if you can collect some seed
  • Seeds are collected by picking the stems (on a dry day) and shaking them into a paper bag
  • The seeds must be collected between June and August – once ripe they will begin to fall to the ground so there’s only a short window of opportunity! Ripeness is dependent on the summer weather and is likely to be soonest in the warmest parts of the country such as the south east.

How to Sow Yellow Rattle Seed?

  • Firstly, you must prepare the area – cut the grass as short as you can between July and September and remove the clippings
  • There may be a layer of dead grass, which should be removed by raking through the area with a soil rake, to expose some bare soil throughout – this is crucial so the seed can reach the surface of the soil, and won’t be choked as a seedling
  • The seeds can then be sown by hand by scattering
  • This needs to be done by November at the latest, because the seeds need about 4 months below 5C to germinate in the spring

When Will Yellow Rattle Germinate?

  • Seedlings will start to appear in the spring, from as early as late February. But there is no need to worry if only a few plants germinate in the first year as they will shed seed and numbers should rapidly increase
  • The wildflower meadow should be cut once the Yellow Rattle has shed its seed – between July and August. Cutting times will vary depending on where you live and the seasons
  • In a garden, cutting the grass and removing the clippings once or twice before December ensures Yellow Rattle has the space to germinate and grow by February

If you have very fertile soil, it might be trickier to grow Yellow Rattle. Poor and infertile soils are best and following the steps above will help reduce the fertility of your soil over time.

FAQ

  • 1. When should I sow Yellow Rattle?

    Late summer (August-September) is the best time to sow Yellow Rattle. It will not grow successfully if sown in the spring. The seeds can be sown no later than November because they need about 4 months below 5C to germinate in the spring.

  • 2. How do I collect my own Yellow Rattle seed?

    Yellow Rattle is easy to collect by hand. Simply hold a paper bag under the ripe seed pod and shake it gently with your fingers. Collecting larger quantities can easily be done using a vacuum or leaf blower.

    WATCH: Plantlife’s Sarah Shuttleworth collects Yellow Rattle with a vacuum. 

  • 3. Why has Yellow Rattle disappeared from my meadow?

    There are a number of reasons why Yellow Rattle may disappear from a meadow, including:

    • Cutting before the rattle has set seed
    • Leaving the cuttings on the meadow
    • Grazing in early spring when the seedlings are out and vulnerable
    • The meadow is too fertile
    • Grass is out-competing the Yellow Rattle
  • 4. How much Yellow Rattle should I sow?

    For meadows, we recommend 0.5-2.5kg per hectare/10-20g per m2 if you are collecting your own seed.

  • 5. Why hasn’t my Yellow Rattle geminated?

    There are several possible reasons:

    • The seeds were more than a year old (we advise buying from a reputable supplier).
    • Not enough bare ground was created before sowing. It is best to create at least 50% bare ground.
    • The meadow was too fertile and the grasses out competed the rattle.
    • Rattle was sown at the wrong time of year (sowing in the late summer is best). If sown in the spring it should have been stored damp mixed with sand at 4C for 6 –12 weeks.
    • The grass was too long in the early spring, when the rattle germinates. Cutting the meadow in February and removing the clippings can help. This gives the rattle seedlings a better head-start when competing for light with the surrounding grasses.

     

More meadow making tips

Yellow Rattle: The Meadow Maker
Yellow Rattle in a hay meadow

Yellow Rattle: The Meadow Maker

Yellow Rattle, is the single most important plant you need when creating a wildflower meadow. Here’s everything you need to know.

How to control Problem Plants like Thistles and Nettles
Common nettle

How to control Problem Plants like Thistles and Nettles

Managing or making meadows, whether in a lawn or larger site, can sometimes lead to prickly problem plants like docks or nettles. Follow our expert advice for managing problem plants.

How to Start a Community Meadow?

How to Start a Community Meadow?

Want to start a community meadow, but not sure where to begin? Read our guide to creating a flower-filled haven for your local community.

No Mow May: Can your Garden be a Carbon Store?  

It’s not just trees that capture and store carbon, our meadows and grasslands play an important role too.

A close up look out across a lawn from amongst the grasses. The grass has dew drops on each blade. Hedges can be seen in the background and a small peak at a clear blue sky.

If you’re taking part in No Mow May this year, then your garden will be well on its way to becoming a beautiful, biodiverse haven for nature. But there is a bonus to helping the wildflowers grow – as you allow lawn to become meadow, your garden becomes your very own carbon store, helping to reduce your carbon footprint.

When carbon sequestration is mentioned, most minds turn to trees. As a society we are more aware than ever before of the role of woodlands in combatting climate change and creating a space for nature. Much less discussed is the remarkable and equally vital role our grasslands and meadows can play in increasing biodiversity and capturing and storing carbon from the atmosphere.  

Do Grasslands Store Carbon?

An early sunrise shines through long grasses, plants and wildflowers

When we create healthy grasslands and meadows by mowing or grazing livestock, we are simply replicating the activity of the herds of large wild herbivores that once moved across our hills and valleys. These habitats – if the grazing is gentle, infrequent and low intensity – recreate prehistoric landscapes and provide a home for our wild plants, insects, birds and fungi. Natural and semi-natural grasslands (meaning those that are farmed but in a traditional, less intensive manner) improve the quality of our water, prevent flooding and help increase the resilience of farming to summer droughts. 

This grassland – and the healthy soil beneath it – also has an incredible and little-known potential to lock away atmospheric carbon. Soil carbon is a particularly valuable store; it is far more stable and long lasting than the carbon in trees, which is vulnerable to forest fires, pests and disease.

As plants live and grow, carbon from the atmosphere is drawn down into the plants’ roots, where the myriad creatures in the soil make use of it, locking it away beneath the ground. As the diversity of plants on the surface increases, so does the diversity of microorganisms, fungi and invertebrates beneath it. The more diverse the soil life, the richer the entire ecosystem – and the more carbon the soil can store.

How Fungi Helps Store Carbon

The almost mystical role of mycorrhizal fungi is now well known. They connect roots to the nutrients in the soil, trading sugars that plants and trees create from sunlight with locked away minerals the fungi extract from the soil. We now know that plants and trees can communicate through these fungal networks, alerting them to pests and diseases and passing nutrients to others in need.

Mycorrhizal fungi have another important role – they are critical in the ability of plants to transfer carbon to the soil. In areas of farmland, meadow and garden where the soil is ploughed, fertilised or dominated by a small number of grass species, these mycorrhizal networks are much less effective – with fewer species and a lower carbon storage potential. When we look after our farmland and gardens with care, mowing and grazing infrequently and gently, avoiding ploughing and pesticides, we nurture our mycorrhizal fungi, helping the soil to become a more potent carbon store.

Does No Mow May Help Store Carbon?

By taking part in No Mow May, you will not only begin to create a home for wildflowers and insects, you will also create healthier soils that nourish your garden plants – and reduce your carbon footprint in the process.

England alone has around 640,000 hectares of private garden. If just a quarter of this area was transformed into wildflower rich meadow – by mowing just once or twice a year and collecting the cuttings – then these garden soils could potentially capture and store an additional amount of carbon equivalent to more than 3 million average cars’ annual emissions within a spade’s depth, and well over 10 million cars in soils as deep as one meter*.

A garden with long grass and mown paths with hammocks hanging from trees

Lawns and gardens are of course just one part of the puzzle – the UK’s farmed grassland landscape offers tremendous potential for us to sequester carbon, while also protecting agriculture and biodiversity.

Farmers and landowners have a fundamental role to play – combining food production with sustainable grasslands that lock away carbon in healthy, ecologically rich soils. Some 40% of the UK’s land area is grassland – but much of this is intensively farmed, limiting its potential for carbon storage.

Globally, studies have suggested that 2.3-7.3 billion tons of CO2 equivalents per year could be sequestered through grassland diversity restoration. Carbon sequestration doesn’t just mean more trees. Healthy grassland, with the more sensitive grazing and less intensive farming that nourishes it, also keeps carbon out of the atmosphere. 

No matter how large or small our garden, we all have a role to play, and we can all make a difference. It’s easy to get started – just put your lawnmower away this May!

More about #NoMowMay

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

It’s not just wildflowers which benefit from not mowing our lawns this May. Pollinators and other wildlife bring our gardens to life!

No lawn? No Problem: 6 Ways to Join in with No Mow May

No lawn? No Problem: 6 Ways to Join in with No Mow May

As well as bringing back the bloom to our lawns, there are many ways you can get involved with No Mow May, even if you don’t have a garden.

Increase the Number of Wildflowers in Your Lawn 
Clover, Selfheal and Birds-foot Trefoil all growing on a short lawn

Increase the Number of Wildflowers in Your Lawn 

A rainbow of wildflowers in your lawn doesn’t just bring garden owners joy, but is also the sign of a healthy and thriving garden.

Top Tips for Nature Friendly Gardening this Spring

The sun is shining, the days are longer and our green fingers are ready to get stuck back in to some spring gardening.

A wilder lawn with Dandelions

Our gardens have the ability to become havens for nature. Increasing biodiversity, encouraging native wildflowers, letting our lawns grow wild and even planting mini meadows are all excellent ways to have a more nature-friendly garden.

As we enter spring, our minds are definitely turning to the jobs we can get stuck into in the garden, to get ready for a blooming good season.

Our Specialist Botanical Advisor Sarah Shuttleworth is on hand with expert advice for jobs you can do now.

A mown lawn with tools used for cutting grass, surrounded by a flowering tall grass border

An Early Mow

Mow – sounds counter intuitive but actually if you can get the mower going over your lawn or No Mow May areas a couple of times before April/end of March then you will give the other species hiding amongst the grass more of a chance. This is particularly important if you have sown Yellow Rattle seed, although once you start finding the Yellow Rattle seedlings appear and are tall enough to be affected by a mow, then that’s the time to leave the mowing to allow them to grow.

De-thatch Your Lawn

No this doesn’t have anything to do with roofs. Sometimes our lawns and other grasslands can get a bit clogged up with dead plant material (known as thatch), like dead grass or old cuttings that didn’t all get picked up by the mower.

This thatch can reduce light levels to seeds waiting to germinate or other plants wanting to get growing in the spring, plus it can add nutrients to the soil, which might sound great, but not for native wildflowers trying to compete with the vigorous grasses.

Therefore during February and again next winter from autumn (although check for grassland fungi first, you don’t want to disturb them if you are lucky enough to have them in your green space) you want to rake out the thatch.

Garden meadow by pond (c) Shuttleworth

Plan Your Garden and Get No Mow May Ready

Maybe this will be your first year doing No Mow May, in which case you might want to spend a bit of time planning where you want to leave long all summer long, where you maybe want to mow monthly and where you want to have short or paths for walking around. You could draw up some designs even for creating wild and wonderful shapes. Or you could simply devote your entire lawn or green space to the way of the meadow!

Plant a Mini Meadow

If you don’t have a lawn, what about creating some meadow planters? Tubs, pots or deep trays could be sown in April with a meadow mix. This will ideally be one that is a mix of grasses and wildflower seeds, which will avoid gaps for weeds to arrive.

Remember our native meadows are mostly full of native perennial species (plants that live more than one year) rather than Cornflowers, Poppies and similar, which are annual species associated with disturbed soil like that of farmed fields.

* You can find a range of seeds at our shop here.

Two different lengths of grass, a short flowering lawn, and long grass with taller wildflower

Don’t Have a Spring Clean

Leave the untidy corners and wild areas – it might be tempting to start tidying up the garden before the growing season starts, but these areas of leaf litter, twigs and longer grass along fences or hedges are perfect spots for insects, reptiles and amphibians to have been sheltering over winter. If you start to tidy it up too early you could be disturbing a slumbering creature that isn’t ready to spring into action until the weather starts warming up.

This also goes for the remnants of last years plants in your borders or pots. Sometimes these dead stems and leaves are perfect for insects to hide in whilst it’s cold and damp. Therefore leave these up all winter if you can and only ‘tidy’ up when the spring days are warm enough.

Germander Speedwell growing in a field

Don’t Feed Your Lawn

Often gardening tips to get your garden ready for spring, include prepping your lawn. The main focus of this is usually to feed your lawn, but this will only promote the vigorous grasses to out compete everything else, leaving the tiny speedwells, mouse-ears, and medicks getting crowded out!

Hopefully our top tips have given you some inspiration to get out and enjoy the spring sunshine while sprucing up your lawn or garden.

If you’re looking for more ways to move towards a more nature-friendly garden, why not join our No Mow May movement?

Read more

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards
Photograph shows a lawn with a house behind it - the lawn is filled with Dandelions that have turned to seed

The History of Lawns: Status Symbols, Class Systems and Changing Beauty Standards

Join our Specialist Botanical Advisor, Sarah Shuttleworth, for a deep dive into the history of lawns – from how they started to what they represented.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help
Photograph shows a close-up of a frog, half visible peeking up out of the water. You can see the frogs face and 2 front feet holding on to pond plants.

Frogs and Amphibians in Your Garden – How No Mow May Can Help

We’re know that No Mow May benefits biodiversity and our pollinators – but did you know that not mowing can also be a huge benefit to amphibians like frogs?

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

Wildlife to Spot in Your No Mow May Lawn 

It’s not just wildflowers which benefit from not mowing our lawns this May. Pollinators and other wildlife bring our gardens to life!

How to make a Pollinator Friendly Garden

From the wildflowers in our meadows, to the shrubs in our hedgerows, and the blooms in our gardens – pollinators play a pivotal role.

Eager to get more bees and butterflies into your garden? Follow our pollinator-friendly tips!

A bee on a pretty Sea Holly bloom

Our plants and pollinators go hand in hand. You might have heard how important pollinators are to our food crops, but did you know they are just as vital for the rest of our plants? From the wildflowers in our meadows, to the shrubs in our hedgerows, and our garden blooms, to our ancient woodlands – pollinators play a pivotal role.

Unfortunately, some populations of pollinators in the UK are now in decline. While there is no one answer to the cause of this drop in numbers, habitat loss is certainly high on the list. Which is why it’s so important that there are moments like Bees Needs Week or National Meadows Day (on the first Saturday in July) that spotlight the incredible meadows and flower-rich grasslands that are home to pollinators.

Plantlife, and other environmental and farming organisations, are calling on the UK Government to prioritise action for these habitats by committing to developing a Grassland Action Plan.

Read more below to find out how you can get involved.

A butterfly on a blue Scabious Flower

What are pollinators?

Whilst some pollinators are more well known than other, a wide range of insects and other animals can also fall under the umbrella because they move pollen to fertilise plants.

Here is a list of common pollinators in the UK, some you might already be familiar with, while others are a little more unusual:

  • Bees
  • Butterflies
  • Moths
  • Beetles
  • Wasps
  • Flies including hoverflies
  • Hornets
  • In other parts of the world, some birds, bats, small rodents and lizards can also be added to this list
Two different lengths of grass, a short flowering lawn, and long grass with taller wildflower

Take part in No Mow May and let your lawn grow wild for nature

By making small changes to how you manage your lawn, you can make a huge difference to nature. As well encouraging a more species-rich green space for you to enjoy, wilder lawns can also be havens to other wildlife, including our pollinators.

Follow our expert guide to managing a nature friendly lawn here, or find more information here on how to encourage more wildflowers into your garden.

Pollinators love some of our common lawn species including White Clover Trifolium repens, Dandelion Taraxacum officinale  and Daisy Bellis perennis. Yellow Rattle Rhinanthus minor is also a firm favourite and can help to suppress the growth of grasses to allow room for other species and wildflowers to grow.

Pick the bees favourite blooms

It’s important to remember that butterflies and bees feed on pollen and nectar, so choosing plants that are rich in both will help to provide a full feast for our insect friends.

These plants are favourites among some of our common pollinators and could be good to include in your garden. Click through to our species pages to learn more.

  • Primrose Primula vulgaris – These pretty pale-yellow native plants bloom early in the spring making them valuable to provide pollinators food before other sources are available.
  • Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta – Bluebells are one of the most quintessential British spring plants, that can often be seen blanketing the countryside. But you don’t have to head to your nearest woodland to see them at their springtime best, you can grow them at home too.
  • Wild Strawberry Fragaria vesca – These little red berries often found in meadows and verges can also be grown in the garden. The white flowers that form in spring are loved by many pollinators which in turn help the plants produce fruit which make a tasty treat for animals and insects alike. Keep in mind that while these plants have declined in their distribution across England, they also spread very quickly, so could be better grown in pots.
  • Field Forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis – These little blue flowers provide easy to access nectar for bees and grow easily in most gardens. With a long flowering term from April to September, these tiny flowers can have a big impact.
  • Sweet Violet Viola odorata – Pretty violet to white flowers that smell as good as they look. These plants provide a great source of food for early pollinators as they begin to bloom in March. As well as being great for bees, they have been known to be candied as a delicious decoration for baked treats.
  • Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis – These pretty lilac flowers are another good source of early nectar and pollen for bees and butterflies, they are partial to a more damp habitat, so if your garden is close to a water source, this could be a great option.
Buff tailed bumblebee feeding on Knapweed

Bridging the ‘June Gap’

The ‘June Gap’, refers to the time in the year when the spring flowers are fading but the summer ones have not yet reached their peak, which means nectar and pollen can be harder to find.

Here are some plants that can help to bridge this gap and brighten your garden at the same time:

  • Common Knapweed Centaurea nigra – A firm favourite of pollinators especially butterflies. Blooming between June and September this bright purple plant helps to provide a good source of nectar as the seasons switch over.
  • Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas – These bright blooms can provide a pop of colour to any garden or field and as they begin to bloom in June, they can also help to bridge the pollen gap.
  • Common Comfrey Symphytum officinale – This native wildflower is a bushy and bristly plant with cream coloured flowers that has a long flowering period from May until August. This helps make it a great choice to provide food for bees and butterflies throughout spring and summer.
  • Borage Borago officinnalis – This striking herb has bright blue flowers and bristly leaves that smell like cucumbers. It is great for pollinators as it refills its nectar quickly after it has been drained. It also blooms from June until September which makes it perfect for bridging the gap.
People gathered in a meadow learning how to ID wildflowers

How to help bees and other pollinators when you don’t have a garden?

You don’t have to have your own garden to lend a helping hand to pollinators. There’s several ways you can still get involved, including by making your own mini meadow.

Plant pots by the door, hanging baskets along your walls or window boxes all make great options to increase the biodiversity in your area, even without a garden. Have a look at the suggestions above for ideas of what to plant, harvest your own seeds, or even buy our Perfect for Pollinators seed mix here to get started.

Why not share the joy of creating a nature-friendly space and start a community meadow? This is not only a great way of bringing attention to plants and pollinators in your area, but it’s also a fun way to get to know your neighbours. Find out more in our guide to getting started here.